KAZAKHSTAN

Overview

• Overview
• Facts
• Leaders
• Media

Ethnically the nation is as diverse, with the Kazakhs creation up over half the population, the Russians comprising only over the quarter, as good as not as big minorities of Uzbeks, Koreans, Chechens as good as others accounting for the rest.

These groups in all live in harmony, yet Russians be insulted the miss of twin citizenship as good as carrying to pass the Kazakh-language exam in sequence to work for state agencies. Since autonomy many racial Russians have emigrated to Russia.

The categorical religion, Islam, was suppressed similar to all others underneath Communist rule, though has enjoyed the reconstruction given the fall of the Soviet Union.

There has been vital unfamiliar investment in the Caspian oil sector. Oil enlargement has brought fast mercantile growth, nonetheless enlargement slowed in 2009 as the outcome of the tellurian monetary crisis.

An oil tube joining the Tengiz oil margin in horse opera Kazakhstan to the Russian Black Sea pier of Novorossiysk non-stop in 2001. In 2008, Kazakhstan began pumping the little oil exports by the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline, as partial of the expostulate to relieve the coherence upon Russia as the movement country. A tube to China was non-stop in late 2005, with work upon an additional starting in 2008.

Nevertheless, misery is still drawn out as good as Kazakhstan continues to face vital mercantile challenges, quite with stagnation as good as inflation. At the same time, the tiny minority of Kazakhs grew really abounding after autonomy by privatization as good as alternative commercial operation deals that antithesis statesman purported to have been corrupt.

The people of Kazakhstan additionally have to live with the issue of Soviet-era chief contrast as good as poisonous rubbish dumping, as good as with augmenting drug obsession as good as the flourishing occurrence of HIV/Aids. Inefficient Soviet ion projects led to serious decline of the heavily soiled Aral Sea.

Facts

• Overview
• Facts
• Leaders
• Media

Leaders

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• Facts
• Leaders
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President: Nursultan Nazarbayev

Elections in Dec 2005 returned Nursultan Nazarbayev for the serve seven-year tenure with some-more than 90% of the vote.

The antithesis protested that the list had been fraudulent as good as European observers spoken it to have been severely flawed.

Mr Nazarbayev’s hold upon energy strengthened even serve when legislature voted in 2007 to concede him to stay in bureau for an total series of terms.

Born in 1940, Mr Nazarbayev came to energy in 1989 as initial cabinet member of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan as good as was inaugurated boss the following year. He was re-elected after the break-up of the Soviet Union in 1991.

His supporters contend he recorded inter-ethnic settle as good as fortitude during the remodel years.

Mr Nazarbayev has strong endless powers in his own hands as good as is indicted by the antithesis of suppressing dissent. Although he says he advocates democracy as the long-term goal, he warns that fortitude could be during risk if shift is as well swift.

A referendum in 1995 lengthened his tenure of bureau as good as in 1999 he was again inaugurated boss in elections from that his categorical antithesis was barred from station upon the technicality.

When Mr Nazarbayev does step down, he will have the permanent chair upon the counterclaim legislature as good as the purpose as conduct of the people’s assembly, that unites members of opposite racial groups, according to the law authorized in the 2007 referendum.

The boss joined his Otan celebration with his daughter Dariga’s party, Asar, in Jul 2006. The pierce combined the immeasurable statute bloc as good as was seen as consolidating the president’s power. Otan was subsequently renamed Nur-Otan in honour of Mr Nazarbayev.

Media

• Overview
• Facts
• Leaders
• Media

Press leisure is enshrined in the constitution, though monitors contend the privately-owned as good as antithesis media have been theme to nuisance as good as censorship.

In 2007 media rights physique Reporters Without Borders pronounced vigour upon the media enclosed prosecutions for “defaming” the president, the closure of antithesis newspapers as good as earthy attacks upon journalists.

Insulting the boss as good as officials is the rapist offence; the in isolation life, illness as good as monetary affairs of the boss have been personal as state secrets.

The supervision controls the copy presses as good as many air wave as good as TV delivery facilities. It operates the country’s inhabitant air wave as good as TV networks.

The president’s tighten associates, together with his eldest daughter, Dariga Nazarbayeva, as good as son-in-law, have benefitted from the privatisation of the former state media. Dariga heads the successful Khabar Agency that runs multiform TV channels.

The integrate additionally controls the air wave stations Europa Plus, Russkoye Radio, Hit FM as good as Radio Karavan, along with the newspapers Karavan as good as Novoye Pokolenie.

There were 1.4 million internet users by Mar 2008 (ITU).

The press

• Kazakhstanskaya Pravda – government-backed, Russian-langauge
• Yegemen Qazaqstan – government-backed, Kazakh-language
• Ekspress-K – private, Russian-language
• Zhas Alash – private, Kazakh-language
• Liter – private, every day
• Vremya – private, antithesis weekly
• Nachnem s ponedelnika – private, Russian-language antithesis weekly
• Karavan – private, weekly

Television

• Khabar TV – operated by Khabar group
• Kazakh TV (first channel) – state-owned, in Kazakh as good as Russian
• Kazakh Commercial TV (KTK) – private, in Kazakh as good as Russian
• Channel 31 TV – private, Almaty
• Caspionet – heavenly body channel operated by Khabar agency, in Russian, Kazakh as good as English
• Eurasia TV – state-run, rebroadcasts of Russia’s Channel One

Radio

• Kazakh Radio – state-owned, broadcasts in Kazakh as good as Russian
• Europa Plus – private, Almaty, Astana
• Khabar Hit FM – private, Almaty
• Russkoye Radio-Aziya – private, Almaty, Astana

News agencies

• Kazinform – state-owned; English-language pages
• Interfax Kazakhstan – the use of Russian headlines group Interfax; English-language pages